Natural Health Care

An ischemic stroke occurs when an artery that supplies blood to the brain becomes blocked, suddenly decreasing or stopping the flow of blood and, over time, causing a stroke in the brain. Approximately 80 percent of all strokes are ischemic. Blood clots are the most common cause of artery blockage and stroke.

The coagulation process is necessary and beneficial throughout the body because it stops the bleeding and to repair damaged areas of arteries or veins. However, when blood clots form in the wrong place within an artery, causing a devastating injury by interfering with the normal flow of blood. Clotting problems become more common as people get older.

Blood clots can cause ischemia and infarction in two ways. A clot that forms part of the body outside the brain can travel through blood vessels and trapped in a brain artery. This free clot is called an embolus and often forms in the heart. A stroke caused by an embolus is called an embolic stroke. The second kind of ischemic stroke, called a thrombotic stroke, is caused by thrombosis. Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot in an artery in the brain that remains fixed to the artery wall until it grows large enough to block blood flow to the brain.

Ischemic strokes can also be caused by stenosis, or narrowing of an artery due to the accumulation of plaque (a mixture of fatty substances, including cholesterol and other lipids) and blood clots along the artery wall. Stenosis can occur in both large arteries and in small and therefore called large vessel disease or small vessel disease, respectively. When a stroke occurs due to small vessel disease, stroke develops a very small, sometimes called a lacunar infarct, the French word “lacuna” meaning “gap” or “cavity.”

The blood vessel disease most common causes stenosis is atherosclerosis. In atherosclerosis, plaque deposits build up along the inside walls of large and medium arteries, causing thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity of artery walls and reduced blood flow. The role of cholesterol and blood lipids in the risk of stroke is discussed in the section on cholesterol in this document, “Who is at risk of stroke surfrir?

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