Allergy is the Detrimental Effect of Hypersensitivity of the Body.

The substance you are allergic is called “allergen“, and the symptoms caused are defined as “allergic reactions”. When an allergen enters the body of a subject allergic, it’s immune system responds by producing large numbers of antibodies called IgE. The subsequent exposure to the allergen will result in the release of chemical mediators, including histamine, which produce the typical symptoms of allergic reaction.
Pirquet in 1905 suggests that serum sickness (a phenomenon of hypersensitivity) is directly related to the production of antibodies or antigens against serum injected, introducing the term allergy to describe the altered immune reactivity in which usually presents a strong release of histamine.
Do not confuse food allergy with food intolerance. Food intolerance differs from allergies in the latter provoke an immune response, activating the immunoglobulin E (IgE) or other immune system pathways, and intolerance is not participating in the immune system.
Allergies or hypersensitivity are, according to Gell and Coombs, of four types:
1. Immediate: Based on the reaction to IgE
2. Cytotoxic.
3. Of immune complexes.
4. Retarded.